“连词+省略结构”归纳起来主要有以下六种类型：

一、连词+介词(短语)

While(she was) at college, Delia wrote a novel. 

上大学时，迪莉娅写了一部小说。

Once (he was) in the examination hall, he forgot about all this. 

他一进考场，这一切他都忘了。

While(he was) in London, he studied the English labour movement. 

在伦敦时他研究了英国的工人运动。

Although (he was)against my opinion, the old professor didn’t come up with         his own.

  虽然老教授不同意的观点，但他也提不出自己的观点。

二、连词+形容词(短语)

He acted as if (he was)certain of success.

  他表现得对成功很有把握似的。

If (it is)possible, let me know beforehand. 

如果可能，可在事前通知我。

Though (he was)exhausted, he stayed up late. 

尽管疲惫不堪，他仍很晚才睡。

Whenever (it is)possible, the children play outside.

每当可能，孩子们总在外边玩耍。

Avoid structures of this kind wherever(it is) possible. 

只要可能，都要避免这种结构。

Her daughters were of some help, however small(it was). 

她的女儿们总能帮些忙，不管多小的忙。

Taste the soup and add salt and pepper if (it is)necessary.

尝尝这汤，需要的话加一点点盐和胡椒粉。

It is always best to choose organically grown foods if(it is) possible.

如果可能，最好还是挑选有机食品。

They are not afraid to tackle the issues or let the sparks fly when (it is)necessary.

他们不怕应对这些问题，也不怕必要时来一番激烈的争论。

I recommend that you avoid processed foods whenever (it is)possible.

我建议你尽量不要食用加工好的食品。

Changes can easily be made where (it is)necessary.

在需要的地方可以很容易地进行修改。

They believed in the application of force wherever (it is)necessary.

凡属必要的地方他们都主张使用武力。

三、连词+现在分词(短语)

She trembled a little while (she was)doing so. 

她这样做时稍稍颤抖了一下。

He tends to get carried away when （he is)watching /he watches wrestling on           TV. 

他一看电视中的摔跤就很兴奋。

They were surprised by her openness when (they were)talking about her private      life. 

她谈起私生活时非常坦率，大家都很吃惊。

He paused as if (he was)expecting Lanny to speak.

他停了停，仿佛等待兰尼说话。

He rubbed his eyes and yawned as though(he was) waking up after a long              sleep.

他又揉眼睛又打哈欠，好像睡了一大觉刚醒似的。

On the other hand, once having seen /he or she had seen this apartment, who’d have the courage to complain?

另一方面，一旦看过这套公寓房，谁还会有勇气发牢骚呢?

He had jumped bail last year while (he was)being tried on drug charges.

去年他在因涉毒被控告期间弃保潜逃。

If the TV was built into the ceiling, you could lie there while (you are)watching your favourite programme.

如果把电视嵌入天花板，你就可以躺在那里欣赏你最喜欢的节目了。

注：以下两句中的before不是连词，而是介词，其的-ing动词为动名词，而非现在分词：

Before giving evidence the witness had to take an oath. 

证人作证前要先宣誓。

It would be unwise to buy the house before having it appraised. 

买房子不事先估价是不明智的。

四、连词+过去分词(短语)

He will come if (he is)asked. 

他如被邀就会来。

When (she was)asked, she confirmed that she was going to retire. 

有人问她时，她肯定了她将要退休。

While(she was) locked up in prison, she wrote her first novel. 

她在狱中写出了第一部小说。

When (it is)taken according to the instructions, the drug has no side effects. 

若按说明服用，本药无任何副作用。

  Although (they were)never married, they lived together as husband and wife for fifty years.

虽然从未结婚，但他们像夫妻一样在一起生活了50多年。

I am sending you information on holidays as (it is)promised.

正如所许诺的那样，我现在给你寄去关于度假的资料。

He was speeding down the motorway as if (he was)pursued by a demon.

他在公路上高速行驶，就像有魔鬼在追赶他似的。

If (you are)accepted for this post, you will be informed within a week.

如果你被接受担任这个职务，将在一礼拜内给你通知。

Once (it is)exposed to light, the film will be damaged and get useless.

一旦曝光，胶卷就要被损坏而不能用了。

The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, unless (they are)accompanied by an adult.

校规规定，除非有成年人的陪同，孩子在白天不允许出学校。

Grill for 15 to 20 minutes, turning occasionally until (it is)cooked.

烧烤15分钟至20分钟，不时翻转直到烧熟为止。

When (you are)asked for your views about your current job, on no account must you be negative about it.

被问及你对自己目前工作的看法时，无论如何不要流露出消极情绪。

五、连词+不定式(短语)

Smiling pleasantly, the stranger turned as if (he was)to speak to me. 

那个陌生人面带愉悦的笑容，转身向我，似乎想对我说话。

Success in business is simply a matter of knowing when (it is)to take a chance. 

商业上的成功就在于把握时机。

I asked her how (I am) to learn English.

我问她如何学英语。

We must first solve the problem of whom (we are)to serve.

我们必须首先解决为谁服务的问题。

They are at a loss where (they are)to find the boy.

他们不清楚知道到哪里能找到这个男孩。

I can’t decide whether (I am)to go to the conference.

我不能决定是否参加会议。

六、wh-词代替整个从句

有些由when, where, who, which, how等引导的从句，如果上文的语境清楚，可以省略从句，而只保留wh-词。如：

I’d like to help in some way, but I’m not sure how.

我想帮点忙，但不知道该怎么做。

Be very clear about what jobs should be completed, and by when.

对哪些工作应该要完成和应该什么时候完成必须非常明确。

I’ll call you ahead of time to fix up exactly when and where.

我会提前打电话给你，确定时间和地点。

I’ve left my keys somewhere and I don’t know where.

我把钥匙放在某个地方了，但不知道是哪个地方。

Miranda was sure it was one of them, but was not sure which.

米兰达确定是其中的一个，但不敢肯定是哪一个。

It’s either Spanish or Portuguese that she speaks, but I’ve forgotten which.

她说的要么是西班牙语，要么是葡萄牙语，但我忘记是哪一种了。

“Who told you?” “Oh, somebody or other, I’ve forgotten who.”

“谁告诉你的?”“啊，有个人，我忘了是谁了。”

She gets periodic headaches, but she doesn’t know why.

她时不时地感到头疼，但不知道为什么。

【温馨提示】

1. “连词+省略结构”通常可视为一种紧缩的状语从句，即认为是省略了与主句主语一致的从句主语、无人称主语it、存在主语there和主语后的be动词。如：

Look out for car’s when (your are) crossing the street. 

过街时注意车辆。

He acted as if (he was) certain of success. 

他的举止就像一定会成功一样。

If (it is) possible, please let me know by this evening. 

如果可能的话，请在今晚以前告诉我。

Where (it is) necessary, improvements will be made. 

哪儿需要，就在哪儿改进。

Bring me some water if (there is) any.

有水给我带些来。

2. 并不是所有的状语从句都可以用以上办法来紧缩的，如原因从句就不能用这种办法来处理。

3. 能用于“连词+省略结构” 的连词主要有：if, unless,while,when, whenever, until,where, wherever   as,as if, as though, although,once,   who, which, how等。

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